News Release

FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION: 9:00 A.M. EDT, MONDAY, JUNE 4, 2001
BEA 01-16*

Gross State Product: New estimates for 1999 and revised estimates for 1993-98

You may also view this press release in PDF or text format; additionally, the tables in the release are available in CSV format.

 

Richard Beemiller: (202) 606–9210 BEA 01–16
Cliff Woodruff: 606–9234
GROSS STATE PRODUCT:
NEW ESTIMATES for 1999 and
REVISED ESTIMATES for 1993–98

The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) is releasing estimates of gross state product (GSP) for 1999 and revised estimates for 1993–98 today.* GSP is the market value of the goods and services produced by the labor and property located in a state. It is the state counterpart of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP).

From 1992, the first year from which the nation began to recover from the 1990–91 recession, to 1999, real GSP grew fastest in eight western states and in New Hampshire, Georgia, and North Carolina (see map on page 3). The fast growth in real GSP — GSP adjusted to reflect price changes — in these states partly reflected strength in business services and in high-tech manufacturing (see discussion on page 2).

For the nation, real GSP grew at an average annual rate of 4.0 percent from 1992 to 1999 (table 2). Real GSP grew in all major industries and was particularly strong in business services and high-tech manufacturing, trade, real estate, security trading, and communications.

 


* The GSP estimates for 1993–98 released today update and supercede those that were published in the September 2000 issue of the Survey of Current Business. The newly released estimates reflect the incorporation of newly available state-specific source data; see the "Sources of GSP revisions" section on page 5 for details on the revisions.

States with the fastest growth in real GSP in 1992–99

The 11 states with the fastest growth in real GSP were Arizona (7.3 percent), Nevada (7.0 percent), Oregon (6.8 percent), Colorado (6.6 percent), Idaho (6.6 percent), New Hampshire (6.3 percent), Utah (6.3 percent), New Mexico (6.2 percent), Georgia (5.8 percent), Texas (5.4 percent), and North Carolina (5.1 percent). Together, these states accounted for about 30 percent of the U.S. growth from 1992 to 1999.

All 11 states were also among those with rapid population growth, above the national average of 1.0 percent per year from 1992 to 1999.



                  --------- Average annual percent change in real GSP in major aggregate industries, 1992-99 --------
                     Total     Agri-                              Transpor-                 Finance,
                     gross    culture,            Cons-    Manu-   tation &  Whole-        insurance,
                     state    forestry,           truc-   factur-  public    sale   Retail  & real     Ser-   Govern-
                   product   & fishing   Mining   tion      ing   utilities  trade   trade   estate    vices    ment
                  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States ...     4.0       2.1       3.5      4.1      5.0      4.4       6.9     5.8     3.9      3.5      1.0

Arizona .........     7.3       5.0       4.5      7.6     13.2      5.5      11.2     8.3     6.3       6.6     2.7
Nevada ..........     7.0       8.7       4.6     13.8      9.8      8.0      10.4    10.3     6.7       4.9     4.1
Oregon ..........     6.8       5.7       7.3      6.6     16.0      3.9       7.6     6.3     2.8       3.8     2.5
Colorado ........     6.6       5.3       9.0      8.3      5.0     10.5       9.3     8.3     6.8       6.5     1.4
Idaho ...........     6.6       3.4       4.4      5.5     15.6      4.9       8.7     6.5     3.3       4.0     2.7
New Hampshire ...     6.3       3.3       4.5      5.9     11.4      2.6      10.8     7.1     5.3       3.8      .9
Utah ............     6.3       4.6       1.8     10.1      7.0      6.7       9.5     8.9     7.5       5.3     2.1
New Mexico ......     6.2       5.3       7.9      2.6     19.9      3.8       6.4     5.5     3.5       2.6     1.1
Georgia .........     5.8       5.2       8.4      9.3      5.0      6.9       8.6     8.1     4.9       5.9     2.2
Texas ...........     5.4       4.2       1.3      4.8      9.1      6.3       8.9     7.3     4.0       4.8     2.2
North Carolina ..     5.1       1.8      14.2      7.2      3.0      4.0       7.0     6.2     9.4       5.4     2.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Note: For the contributions of the industries to the percent change in total gross state product, see table 3.

In all these states except Nevada and Utah, growth was very strong in business services (which includes software development, data processing services, and computer rental and leasing) and in two high-tech manufacturing industries: Electronics and electrical devices (which includes semiconductor manufacturing and related products) and industrial machinery and computer equipment (which includes computer and related hardware manufacturing). In addition:

  • In Colorado, Georgia, and Texas, communications (which includes telephone, satellite, and multimedia services) contributed significantly to the growth in real GSP.
  • In New Hampshire, Utah, and North Carolina, depository institutions (which includes banks and other financial institutions) contributed significantly.
  • In Nevada, hotels and other lodging places contributed significantly, reflecting strength in tourism.
  • In New Mexico, oil and gas extraction contributed significantly.

 

  map of states showing average annual percent change in real gross state product, 1992-99

Noticeably absent from the group of western states with rapid growth were California and Washington. In California, which accounts for the largest share (13 percent) of the nation's GSP and has a heavy concentration of high-tech industries, real GSP grew only 3.9 percent, far less than its neighboring fast-growing states. The slow growth in California mainly reflected its longer-than-average recovery from the 1990–91 recession and weakness in the following industries: Federal government (both military and civilian); defense related durable-goods manufacturing, mainly other transportation equipment; health services; and finance, insurance, and real estate, mainly insurance carriers and depository institutions. In Washington, real GSP grew 4.7 percent; strength in business services, trade, and real estate was partly offset by declines in depository institutions, transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles, lumber and wood products, and printing and publishing.

States with the slowest growth in real GSP in 1992–99

The 12 states with the slowest growth in real GSP were Hawaii (-0.3 percent), Alaska (0.5 percent), West Virginia (2.4 percent), Wyoming (2.5 percent), North Dakota (2.5 percent), Maine (2.6 percent), Montana (2.7 percent), Pennsylvania (2.8 percent), New Jersey (2.9 percent), Vermont (3.0 percent), Maryland (3.0 percent), and Rhode Island (3.0 percent). Together, these states accounted for less than 10 percent of the U.S. growth in 1992–99.

Of the 12 slowest growing states, seven were in the eastern part of the nation; all 12 states had population growth below or near the national average of 1.0 percent.



                  --------- Average annual percent change in real GSP in major aggregate industries, 1992-99 --------
                     Total     Agri-                              Transpor-                 Finance,
                     gross    culture,            Cons-    Manu-   tation &  Whole-        insurance,
                     state    forestry,           truc-   factur-  public    sale   Retail  & real     Ser-   Govern-
                   product   & fishing   Mining   tion      ing   utilities  trade   trade   estate    vices    ment
                  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States ...     4.0       2.1       3.5      4.1      5.0      4.4       6.9     5.8     3.9      3.5      1.0

Hawaii ..........     -.3       -.1        .2     -7.9     -4.3      2.4       2.1     1.6      .1      -.7      -.7
Alaska ..........      .5      -1.1       -.6      2.4      -.8      2.9       5.0     3.8      .7      1.2     -2.1
West Virginia ...     2.4      -1.2       6.5       .9      2.7       .5       4.5     4.2      .8      2.0      2.2
Wyoming .........     2.5       1.1       -.4      5.6      9.4      4.0       8.0     5.1     2.5      2.8       .2
North Dakota ....     2.5      -8.2       6.2      5.1     10.8      2.9       6.2     5.3     1.5      3.2     -1.4
Maine ...........     2.6       3.3     -11.8      1.0      2.4      2.0       5.8     4.9     2.8      2.8      -.2
Montana .........     2.7       -.4       2.2      5.0      3.0      3.2       6.2     4.4     2.1      2.8       .9
Pennsylvania ....     2.8        .9      12.0      1.3      4.4      2.8       5.4     4.4     2.0      1.9       .4
New Jersey ......     2.9       3.9       9.5      1.9       .2      4.1       5.7     4.5     3.6      2.9       .7
Vermont .........     3.0       2.0       1.9      1.1      4.8      1.0       4.2     4.5     2.5      3.0      1.4
Maryland ........     3.0       2.4       8.9      2.3      3.6      3.7       6.3     4.2     2.9      2.9      1.2
Rhode Island ....     3.0       -.4      -3.5      7.8      -.5      3.5       6.0     4.9     4.9      2.0      1.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Note: For the contributions of the industries to the percent change in total gross state product, see table 3.

In these 12 states, contributions from business services and high-tech manufacturing were offset by weakness in more traditional industries: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (mainly farms); manufacturing (mainly food and related products, apparel and textile products, lumber and wood products, printing and publishing, and instruments and scientific products); finance, insurance, and real estate (mainly depository institutions and insurance carriers); services (mainly legal and repair services); and government (mainly federal military and civilian government). In addition:

  • In Alaska, Vermont, and Maryland, declines in paper products contributed significantly to the slow growth in real GSP.
  • In Alaska, Wyoming, and Montana, declines in oil and gas extraction contributed significantly to the slow growth in real GSP; the declines in oil and gas extraction mainly reflected low crude oil prices in the late 1990s. In Wyoming, nonmetalic minerals also declined.
  • In Hawaii, weakness in all major industries contributed to the decline in real GSP. The decline reflected the state's slow recovery from the 1990–91 recession and impacts from the 1998 Asian financial crisis, which affected growth in tourism, in exportable agriculture-related products, and in the construction industries.

 

State shares of U.S. current-dollar GSP in 1999

In 1999, current-dollar GSP for the nation was $9.3 trillion. California accounted for the largest share (13.2 percent) of the nation, and its GSP has exceeded $1 trillion since 1997 (see table 4). The other four states with the largest shares of the U.S. total were New York (8.1 percent), Texas (7.4 percent), Illinois (4.8 percent), and Florida (4.8 percent).

The five states with the smallest shares of the U.S. total were Vermont, North Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota; each of these states accounted for about 0.2 percent of the U.S. total.

As a group, the 11 fastest growing states accounted for 20.3 percent of U.S. GSP in 1999, up from 18.1 percent in 1992 (see map on page 3). By comparison, the 12 states with the slowest growth accounted for 12.2 percent in 1999, down from 13.2 percent in 1992.

 

Sources of GSP revisions

The GSP estimates have been revised for 1993–98 to incorporate the results of the most recent revisions of state personal income, of the national estimates of gross product by industry, and of the national income and product accounts (NIPA's). The revised GSP estimates also reflect incorporation of the 1997 economic censuses and the 1998 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). The ASM data are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) rather than on the Standard Industrial Classification System (SIC). For this revision, the 1998 ASM data were converted from NAICS to the SIC by BEA on the basis of information provided by the source agency (see "Industry classification" section below).

In general, the revisions to GSP as a percentage of the previously published estimates for all years are small, with the largest revisions occurring in the most recent years. For the nation, current-dollar GSP was revised down $15.4 billion in 1997, and revised up $7.1 billion in 1998. In 1998, the five states with the largest upward percentage revisions were Alaska (3.2 percentage points), New Mexico (3.1 percentage points), Nevada (1.9 percentage points), Ohio (1.7 percentage points), and Oklahoma (1.7 percentage points).

The revisions in real GSP growth rates tend to be small, with the largest revisions also in the most recent years. In 1997–98, the five states with the largest revisions in real GSP growth rates were Wyoming (1.6 percentage points), New Hampshire (1.2 percentage points), Rhode Island (-1.3 percentage points), Delaware (-1.4 percentage points), and Iowa (-2.5 percentage points). For a detailed discussion of major sources of the revisions and of the impacts of the revisions, see "Gross State Product by Industry, 1992–99" in a forthcoming issue of the Survey of Current Business.

 

Industry classification

In 1997, U.S. federal statistical agencies adopted NAICS — an economic classification system that groups establishments into industries based on similarity of production processes. NAICS provides a new framework for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating economic data on an industry basis. Much of BEA's source data, however, remain on a Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) basis. BEA plans to incorporate NAICS into its GSP estimates upon full implementation of NAICS by all of its source-data agencies in 2003–04. For more information, see "The North American Industry Classification System in BEA's Economic Accounts," Survey of Current Business (May 2001): 7–13.

 

Definitions

GSP is the value added in production by the labor and property located in a state. GSP for a state is derived as the sum of the GSP originating in all industries in the state.

The estimates of real GSP are derived by applying national implicit price deflators by detailed industry to the current-dollar GSP estimates by detailed industry. Then, in order to capture the differences across states that reflect the relative differences in the mix of goods and services that the states produce, the same chain-type index formula used in the national accounts is used to calculate the estimates of total real GSP and real GSP by major industry. For additional information, see "BEA's Chain Indexes, Time Series, and Measures of Long-Term Economic Growth," Survey of Current Business 77 (May 1997): 58–68; "Comprehensive Revision of Gross State Product by Industry, 1977–94," Survey 77 (June 1997): 28–29; and "Gross State Product by Industry, 1977–98," Survey 80 (October 2000): 69–90.

The 11 "fastest growing states" (and 12 "slow-growing states") were selected because their average annual growth rates in 1992–99 in real GSP are more than one-half of one standard deviation above (or below) the average annual GSP growth rates for all states.

The relation of GSP to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

In concept, an industry's GSP, referred to as its "value added," is equivalent to its gross output (sales or receipts and other operating income, commodity taxes, and inventory change) minus its intermediate inputs (consumption of goods and services purchased from other U.S. industries or imported). Thus, GSP is often considered the state counterpart of the nation's GDP — BEA's featured measure of U.S. output. In practice, GSP estimates are measured as the sum of the distributions by industry and state of the components of gross domestic income — that is, the sum of the costs incurred and incomes earned in the production of GDP.

GSP for the nation differs from GDP for the following reasons: GSP is derived from gross domestic income, which differs from GDP by the statistical discrepancy; GSP excludes and GDP includes the compensation of federal civilian and military personnel stationed abroad and government consumption of fixed capital for military structures located abroad and for military equipment, except office equipment; and GSP and GDP have different revision schedules. In 1992–99, real GDP grew 3.7 percent per year, and real GSP for the nation grew 4.0 percent per year.

Availability of detailed GSP estimates

GSP estimates for 63 industries for states, BEA regions, and the United States are available on BEA's Web site: www.bea.gov>. The site also contains BEA's major national, regional, international, and industry estimates; the Survey of Current Business; and BEA news releases.

In July 2001, BEA will release a Gross Product by Industry CD–ROM (product number RCN–0281, price $35.00), which contains current-dollar estimates of GSP and its three components — compensation of employees, indirect business tax and nontax liability, and property-type income — and real GSP estimates in chain-type quantity indexes for 1977–99 and in chained (1996) dollars for 1986–99 for the U.S., 50 states, and the District of Columbia. The CD–ROM includes a data-retrieval program that allows users to view or print selected records from the database and selected analytical tables and charts. Users may also export selected data to a file for importation into computer spreadsheets. For further information, call 202-606-5340, or e-mail gspread@bea.gov>.


STAT-USA maintains an Internet site, which contains BEA estimates, the Survey of Current Business, and BEA news releases. For more information about STAT-USA, go to www.stat-usa.gov>, or call (202) 482-1986. Subscriptions for single-user unlimited access to STAT-USA's Internet information are $75.00 for three months or $175.00 for one year.

Summary BEA estimates are available on recorded messages at the time of public release at the following telephone numbers:

    (202) 606-5306  Gross domestic product
          606-5303  Personal income and outlays
          606-5362  Summary of international transactions

Most of BEA's estimates and analyses are published in the Survey of Current Business, BEA's monthly journal. Subscriptions and single copies are for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Internet: <bookstore.gpo.gov>; phone: 202-512-1800; fax: 202-512-2250; mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001.


State release dates for the rest of 2001:

State Personal Income, First Quarter 2001 .............. July 24 (Tuesday)
State Per Capita Personal Income, 2000 (revised) ....... September 24 (Monday)
State Personal Income, Second Quarter 2001 ............. October 24 (Wednesday)

 

********************************************************************************************************************************************

                                 Table 1. -- Real Gross State Product, 1992-99
                                     [Millions of chained (1996) dollars]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                 1992        1993/r/    1994/r/     1995/r/     1996/r/     1997/r/     1998/r/     1999/p/
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States .............   6,774,505   6,918,388   7,203,002   7,433,965   7,715,901   8,093,396   8,507,978   8,934,066

  New England .............     391,385     397,470     410,014     422,524     439,596     463,498     489,127     520,092
    Connecticut ...........     114,830     115,725     117,489     120,792     124,157     132,620     138,749     145,274
    Maine .................      27,046      27,286      27,755      28,256      28,925      29,958      31,062      32,306
    Massachusetts .........     182,789     186,680     195,171     200,537     210,127     219,716     233,572     251,861
    New Hampshire .........      28,373      28,808      30,122      32,630      35,068      37,131      40,702      43,469
    Rhode Island ..........      24,884      25,226      25,385      26,182      26,656      28,766      29,201      30,631
    Vermont ...............      13,524      13,794      14,115      14,133      14,662      15,304      15,864      16,592

  Mideast .................   1,355,899   1,369,966   1,398,474   1,427,110   1,471,796   1,517,005   1,584,251   1,657,630
    Delaware ..............      25,639      25,984      26,657      28,236      29,001      30,142      31,691      31,879
    District of Columbia ..      50,646      51,216      50,657      49,737      48,505      49,265      49,691      51,823
    Maryland ..............     133,947     136,070     140,338     142,140     145,061     151,478     157,884     164,841
    New Jersey ............     258,156     262,674     268,019     275,002     285,738     294,088     304,806     315,425
    New York ..............     586,798     587,982     600,674     609,090     633,830     651,107     688,143     728,908
    Pennsylvania ..........     300,806     306,134     312,197     322,915     329,660     340,924     352,063     364,899

  Great Lakes .............   1,082,441   1,113,225   1,176,832   1,206,844   1,243,554   1,300,504   1,361,157   1,411,524
    Illinois ..............     328,462     334,735     353,302     364,080     375,949     394,497     413,024     429,496
    Indiana ...............     133,621     138,501     145,882     150,037     155,096     161,059     171,628     176,019
    Michigan ..............     226,548     237,214     255,812     258,329     265,130     275,991     283,817     295,623
    Ohio ..................     271,844     276,024     290,068     299,232     306,333     322,050     337,674     348,890
    Wisconsin .............     121,928     126,748     131,788     135,169     141,046     146,903     155,018     161,499

  Plains ..................     449,786     451,991     478,541     493,438     516,213     541,882     562,785     582,413
    Iowa ..................      66,147      66,324      71,576      73,111      76,976      81,541      82,388      84,029
    Kansas ................      61,872      62,367      65,016      65,618      68,160      72,113      75,018      78,025
    Minnesota .............     122,706     123,146     130,178     133,804     141,540     150,415     158,434     167,110
    Missouri ..............     127,157     127,578     135,048     141,926     146,537     153,392     158,757     162,941
    Nebraska ..............      41,308      41,376      44,009      45,247      47,772      48,924      50,650      52,240
    North Dakota ..........      14,016      13,795      14,627      14,988      15,855      15,819      16,867      16,681
    South Dakota ..........      16,603      17,429      18,097      18,744      19,372      19,673      20,642      21,331

  Southeast ...............   1,436,937   1,485,361   1,564,909   1,625,905   1,684,304   1,761,146   1,840,770   1,916,948
    Alabama ...............      88,853      90,225      93,575      96,624      99,286     102,646     105,651     110,127
    Arkansas ..............      48,652      50,174      52,921      54,689      56,796      58,585      60,268      62,821
    Florida ...............     314,129     325,760     339,110     350,565     366,318     382,250     401,901     420,323
    Georgia ...............     175,614     183,173     195,330     206,415     219,520     231,808     246,620     260,754
    Kentucky ..............      81,890      84,543      89,569      92,794      95,536     100,210     104,237     107,499
    Louisiana .............     100,696     102,847     110,509     116,496     116,867     120,699     123,618     124,444
    Mississippi ...........      47,963      49,925      53,020      55,420      56,575      57,794      59,639      61,885
    North Carolina ........     170,297     176,163     188,574     197,500     204,329     218,108     227,546     240,771
    South Carolina ........      77,984      80,440      84,567      87,750      89,854      94,252      98,214     102,254
    Tennessee .............     121,959     127,108     134,440     138,632     142,051     149,239     156,398     161,731
    Virginia ..............     175,916     181,231     187,578     192,486     199,953     207,892     218,436     225,132
    West Virginia .........      33,033      33,813      35,723      36,569      37,220      37,668      38,199      39,060

  Southwest ...............     648,217     676,768     714,828     747,594     785,031     844,386     899,345     944,501
    Arizona ...............      85,316      89,911      98,339     105,397     112,882     120,763     131,253     140,084
    New Mexico ............      34,081      37,795      42,183      42,708      44,114      47,621      50,251      51,874
    Oklahoma ..............      67,641      69,173      70,081      71,819      74,855      78,111      81,652      84,038
    Texas .................     461,434     480,045     504,252     527,685     553,180     597,889     636,179     668,462

  Rocky Mountain ..........     185,854     196,568     208,044     219,072     230,695     245,237     260,940     277,893
    Colorado ..............      94,035      99,789     105,850     111,244     117,118     127,314     136,942     147,049
    Idaho .................      21,783      23,654      25,331      27,395      28,101      29,322      31,196      34,054
    Montana ...............      16,577      17,245      17,679      17,858      18,074      18,614      19,344      19,951
    Utah ..................      39,024      40,932      43,952      46,965      51,523      53,999      56,919      59,663
    Wyoming ...............      14,486      14,990      15,264      15,617      15,879      15,983      16,526      17,180

  Far West ................   1,224,376   1,227,133   1,251,258   1,291,429   1,344,712   1,419,778   1,509,795   1,623,462
    Alaska ................      25,130      25,438      25,268      26,355      25,774      26,056      25,348      25,932
    California ............     906,189     898,829     911,249     941,853     973,395   1,029,232   1,096,584   1,185,636
    Hawaii ................      39,120      38,809      38,332      37,948      37,490      37,668      37,858      38,254
    Nevada ................      40,266      43,019      47,030      50,062      54,564      57,518      60,994      64,622
    Oregon ................      69,392      73,009      76,642      81,330      91,709      97,097     103,691     110,092
    Washington ............     144,389     148,188     152,882     153,987     161,779     172,216     185,311     198,928
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  r  Revised.
  p  Preliminary.
  Note:  Chained (1996) dollar series are calculated (using national chain-type implicit price deflators) as the product of
the chain-type quantity index and the 1996 current-dollar value of the corresponding series, divided by 100.  Because the
formula for the chain-type quantity indexes uses weights of more than one period, the corresponding chained-dollar
estimates are usually not additive; that is, state totals usually do not add to regional totals or to U.S. totals, and
regional totals usually do not add to U.S. totals.
  Source:  U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
****************************************************************************************************************************************


                        Table 2. -- Average Annual Percent Change in Real Gross State Product by Major Industry, 1992-99

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                         Rank
                                                                                                                                           of
                             Total     Agri-                                 Trans-                        Finance                      percent
                              gross    culture,   Mining    Con-     Manu-   portation   Whole-   Retail     insur-    Ser-    Govern-   change
                              state    forestry,           struc-   factur-    and        sale     trade      ance,    vices    ment   in total
                             product     and                tion      ing     public      trade             and real                     gross
                                       fishing                               utilities                       estate                      state
                                                                                                                                        product
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States .............    4.0       2.1       3.5       4.1      5.0       4.4       6.9       5.8       3.9       3.5       1.0  .......

  New England .............    4.1       2.6       2.3       4.9      4.9       2.5       7.2       5.5       4.8       3.4       1.1  .......
    Connecticut ...........    3.4       3.3       8.5       1.1      3.8       2.3       5.2       5.0       4.1       3.2        .4       31
    Maine .................    2.6       3.3     -11.8       1.0      2.4       2.0       5.8       4.9       2.8       2.8       -.2       45
    Massachusetts .........    4.7       2.3      -1.1       7.5      5.2       2.7       8.2       5.7       5.5       3.7       1.9       12
    New Hampshire .........    6.3       3.3       4.5       5.9     11.4       2.6      10.8       7.1       5.3       3.8        .9        6
    Rhode Island ..........    3.0       -.4      -3.5       7.8      -.5       3.5       6.0       4.9       4.9       2.0       1.1       39
    Vermont ...............    3.0       2.0       1.9       1.1      4.8       1.0       4.2       4.5       2.5       3.0       1.4       41

  Mideast .................    2.9       2.1      10.3       1.6      2.0       3.1       5.3       4.4       4.4       2.1        .4  .......
    Delaware ..............    3.2       3.4     -12.0       4.2      -.6       3.5       6.7       5.9       3.6       4.2       2.4       34
    District of Columbia ..     .3       1.7      12.2      -3.0     -2.7       1.4       2.4       1.6       1.4       1.7      -1.2  .......
    Maryland ..............    3.0       2.4       8.9       2.3      3.6       3.7       6.3       4.2       2.9       2.9       1.2       40
    New Jersey ............    2.9       3.9       9.5       1.9       .2       4.1       5.7       4.5       3.6       2.9        .7       42
    New York ..............    3.1       2.3       4.9       1.3       .9       2.7       4.7       4.4       5.8       1.7        .3       36
    Pennsylvania ..........    2.8        .9      12.0       1.3      4.4       2.8       5.4       4.4       2.0       1.9        .4       43

  Great Lakes .............    3.9        .3       2.8       4.0      4.9       3.6       6.7       5.7       3.0       3.2       1.0  .......
    Illinois ..............    3.9      -2.2        .8       2.7      5.0       4.1       5.8       4.9       3.8       3.6       1.4       22
    Indiana ...............    4.0      -1.7       6.6       3.6      5.9       2.4       7.0       5.7       2.4       3.0       1.0       18
    Michigan ..............    3.9       3.4      -2.8       6.8      4.4       4.3       7.6       6.8       1.6       3.5        .3       23
    Ohio ..................    3.6        .4       8.1       4.1      4.6       2.5       7.1       5.7       3.0       2.3       1.0       27
    Wisconsin .............    4.1       2.2        .5       3.2      5.4       4.1       7.0       6.1       3.0       3.5       1.0       17

  Plains ..................    3.8      -2.1       3.7       4.4      4.2       4.5       6.9       5.9       3.5       3.5       1.1  .......
    Iowa ..................    3.5      -4.1       5.8       3.3      5.0       4.9       7.1       4.9       2.5       3.1       1.3       30
    Kansas ................    3.4      -1.3       2.0       4.7      3.2       5.9       7.0       6.1       1.5       2.9       1.0       33
    Minnesota .............    4.5        .6       7.5       4.4      4.6       4.7       7.8       6.5       4.9       4.0       1.2       14
    Missouri ..............    3.6      -1.2       3.5       4.8      2.9       3.6       6.1       5.8       3.8       3.3       1.9       28
    Nebraska ..............    3.4      -2.9      -3.5       5.4      4.7       4.9       5.9       5.7       3.0       4.2        .6       32
    North Dakota ..........    2.5      -8.2       6.2       5.1     10.8       2.9       6.2       5.3       1.5       3.2      -1.4       46
    South Dakota ..........    3.6        .1      -4.5       2.9     10.4       3.8       7.3       6.0       1.9       3.4       -.2       26

  Southeast ...............    4.2       2.7       6.2       5.2      3.2       4.5       7.7       6.4       4.5       4.3       1.3  .......
    Alabama ...............    3.1       5.2       8.6       4.1      1.9       2.3       6.9       5.9       4.6       2.4        .6       37
    Arkansas ..............    3.7       3.6       3.8       5.0      4.0       2.8       7.4       6.9       2.6       2.5       1.5       24
    Florida ...............    4.2       3.3        .8       4.3      3.2       4.8       8.2       6.3       4.1       4.0       1.4       15
    Georgia ...............    5.8       5.2       8.4       9.3      5.0       6.9       8.6       8.1       4.9       5.9       2.2        9
    Kentucky ..............    4.0      -1.2       5.3       3.7      5.5       3.8       8.2       6.1       2.2       3.3        .9       19
    Louisiana .............    3.1       1.9       7.0       2.2      3.0       1.9       5.8       5.8       1.8       2.2        .7       38
    Mississippi ...........    3.7       5.4       2.2       6.6      2.5       1.5       6.9       6.3       2.2       5.8       2.5       25
    North Carolina ........    5.1       1.8      14.2       7.2      3.0       4.0       7.0       6.2       9.4       5.4       2.1       11
    South Carolina ........    3.9       3.5       2.2       6.1      2.3       6.1       8.9       7.0       3.9       4.3        .6       20
    Tennessee .............    4.1       -.9       4.3       5.4      3.0       5.1       7.7       6.7       4.6       3.8       1.3       16
    Virginia ..............    3.6        .6       5.5       3.7      1.6       5.5       7.6       5.8       3.7       5.3        .3       29
    West Virginia .........    2.4      -1.2       6.5        .9      2.7        .5       4.5       4.2        .8       2.0       2.2       48

  Southwest ...............    5.5       4.1       2.1       5.2      9.8       5.7       8.8       7.1       4.2       4.8       2.0  .......
    Arizona ...............    7.3       5.0       4.5       7.6     13.2       5.5      11.2       8.3       6.3       6.6       2.7        1
    New Mexico ............    6.2       5.3       7.9       2.6     19.9       3.8       6.4       5.5       3.5       2.6       1.1        8
    Oklahoma ..............    3.1       2.6       3.0       5.3      4.6       2.7       5.2       5.2       1.8       3.2        .5       35
    Texas .................    5.4       4.2       1.3       4.8      9.1       6.3       8.9       7.3       4.0       4.8       2.2       10

  Rocky Mountain ..........    5.9       3.4       2.4       7.9      7.5       8.0       9.0       7.7       6.0       5.6       1.6  .......
    Colorado ..............    6.6       5.3       9.0       8.3      5.0      10.5       9.3       8.3       6.8       6.5       1.4        4
    Idaho .................    6.6       3.4       4.4       5.5     15.6       4.9       8.7       6.5       3.3       4.0       2.7        5
    Montana ...............    2.7       -.4       2.2       5.0      3.0       3.2       6.2       4.4       2.1       2.8        .9       44
    Utah ..................    6.3       4.6       1.8      10.1      7.0       6.7       9.5       8.9       7.5       5.3       2.1        7
    Wyoming ...............    2.5       1.1       -.4       5.6      9.4       4.0       8.0       5.1       2.5       2.8        .2       47

  Far West ................    4.1       3.8       3.4       3.6      8.1       5.4       6.3       5.4       2.7       3.6        .6  .......
    Alaska ................     .5      -1.1       -.6       2.4      -.8       2.9       5.0       3.8        .7       1.2      -2.1       49
    California ............    3.9       4.1       7.2       3.2      8.0       5.5       6.1       5.1       2.5       3.1        .2       21
    Hawaii ................    -.3       -.1        .2      -7.9     -4.3       2.4       2.1       1.6        .1       -.7       -.7       50
    Nevada ................    7.0       8.7       4.6      13.8      9.8       8.0      10.4      10.3       6.7       4.9       4.1        2
    Oregon ................    6.8       5.7       7.3       6.6     16.0       3.9       7.6       6.3       2.8       3.8       2.5        3
    Washington ............    4.7       1.6       5.2       2.3      3.2       6.2       6.4       6.4       3.7       7.6       1.5       13
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Source:  U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
*****************************************************************************************************************************************


                         Table 3. -- Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross State Product, 1992-99

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              Average                                           Percentage points
                               annual   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              percent    Agri-                                  Trans-                        Finance
                               change   culture,   Mining    Con-      Manu-   portation   Whole-   Retail     insur-    Ser-     Govern-
                              in total  forestry,           struc-    factur-    and        sale     trade      ance,    vices     ment
                               gross      and                tion       ing     public      trade             and real
                               state    fishing                                utilities                       estate
                              product
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States .............       4.0      0.03      0.05      0.17      0.84      0.38      0.47      0.52      0.73      0.72      0.13

  New England .............       4.1       .02       0         .17       .82       .16       .47       .46      1.13       .79       .12
    Connecticut ...........       3.4       .02       .01       .04       .68       .15       .34       .39      1.10       .66       .04
    Maine .................       2.6       .07       0         .04       .40       .15       .34       .58       .50       .53      -.03
    Massachusetts .........       4.7       .01       0         .26       .80       .17       .58       .45      1.28       .96       .18
    New Hampshire .........       6.3       .03       0         .22      2.49       .17       .65       .69      1.19       .76       .08
    Rhode Island ..........       3.0       0         0         .33      -.07       .24       .31       .44      1.19       .43       .14
    Vermont ...............       3.0       .05       .01       .05       .92       .08       .24       .42       .42       .61       .17

  Mideast .................       2.9       .01       .02       .06       .27       .25       .34       .33      1.09       .49       .05
    Delaware ..............       3.2       .03       0         .16      -.10       .18       .26       .41      1.38       .61       .22
    District of Columbia ..        .3       0         0        -.03      -.07       .07       .03       .04       .17       .56      -.46
    Maryland ..............       3.0       .02       .01       .12       .30       .28       .38       .38       .61       .67       .23
    New Jersey ............       2.9       .02       .01       .07       .03       .39       .52       .34       .81       .64       .07
    New York ..............       3.1       .01       0         .04       .10       .21       .29       .31      1.76       .39       .03
    Pennsylvania ..........       2.8       .01       .07       .05       .86       .25       .33       .39       .36       .43       .04

  Great Lakes .............       3.9       0         .01       .17      1.20       .29       .47       .51       .49       .61       .11
    Illinois ..............       3.9      -.02       0         .12       .86       .39       .47       .41       .76       .78       .15
    Indiana ...............       4.0      -.02       .03       .17      1.81       .20       .41       .51       .32       .48       .11
    Michigan ..............       3.9       .03      -.01       .28      1.18       .29       .54       .63       .24       .66       .04
    Ohio ..................       3.6       0         .03       .16      1.23       .20       .48       .54       .45       .42       .11
    Wisconsin .............       4.1       .05       0         .14      1.45       .30       .44       .55       .46       .60       .11

  Plains ..................       3.8      -.08       .02       .19       .80       .43       .52       .55       .53       .65       .14
    Iowa ..................       3.5      -.22       .01       .13      1.18       .40       .52       .44       .36       .49       .16
    Kansas ................       3.4      -.05       .03       .19       .56       .70       .53       .59       .20       .48       .14
    Minnesota .............       4.5       .01       .04       .20       .88       .36       .62       .60       .85       .80       .13
    Missouri ..............       3.6      -.02       .01       .21       .60       .37       .45       .55       .56       .65       .22
    Nebraska ..............       3.4      -.20      -.01       .22       .68       .51       .46       .48       .44       .74       .09
    North Dakota ..........       2.5      -.60       .21       .23       .81       .30       .53       .50       .20       .55      -.21
    South Dakota ..........       3.6       .01      -.04       .11      1.28       .32       .48       .61       .35       .55      -.02

  Southeast ...............       4.2       .05       .09       .23       .58       .41       .52       .63       .70       .81       .19
    Alabama ...............       3.1       .11       .11       .17       .39       .21       .43       .58       .61       .40       .10
    Arkansas ..............       3.7       .15       .03       .20       .94       .31       .46       .75       .30       .39       .19
    Florida ...............       4.2       .06       0         .20       .26       .42       .60       .71       .86       .95       .18
    Georgia ...............       5.8       .08       .04       .38       .89       .79       .77       .73       .75      1.08       .29
    Kentucky ..............       4.0      -.03       .15       .16      1.45       .32       .47       .56       .25       .51       .13
    Louisiana .............       3.1       .02       .72       .10       .49       .19       .33       .51       .24       .37       .09
    Mississippi ...........       3.7       .15       .02       .26       .56       .16       .39       .65       .25       .87       .40
    North Carolina ........       5.1       .04       .02       .31       .79       .31       .45       .57      1.45       .85       .29
    South Carolina ........       3.9       .04       0         .31       .57       .51       .51       .73       .51       .66       .11
    Tennessee .............       4.1      -.01       .01       .21       .69       .42       .56       .73       .61       .74       .16
    Virginia ..............       3.6       .01       .03       .16       .23       .48       .41       .49       .62      1.08       .07
    West Virginia .........       2.4      -.01       .53       .04       .42       .06       .24       .40       .09       .33       .32

  Southwest ...............       5.5       .07       .12       .23      1.43       .58       .62       .68       .62       .92       .26
    Arizona ...............       7.3       .08       .05       .40      1.90       .43       .70       .88      1.16      1.38       .36
    New Mexico ............       6.2       .12       .64       .10      3.07       .30       .27       .52       .47       .49       .21
    Oklahoma ..............       3.1       .07       .15       .17       .82       .26       .31       .52       .22       .55       .09
    Texas .................       5.4       .06       .09       .21      1.29       .68       .67       .68       .58       .91       .26

  Rocky Mountain ..........       5.9       .09       .09       .42       .91       .85       .54       .75       .92      1.11       .24
    Colorado ..............       6.6       .09       .14       .44       .58      1.18       .58       .81      1.15      1.44       .20
    Idaho .................       6.6       .22       .03       .34      2.96       .40       .54       .67       .41       .65       .38
    Montana ...............       2.7      -.02       .10       .23       .23       .38       .38       .44       .28       .52       .15
    Utah ..................       6.3       .06       .05       .54       .96       .60       .58       .91      1.14      1.08       .34
    Wyoming ...............       2.5       .03      -.11       .24       .50       .57       .28       .36       .26       .30       .02

  Far West ................       4.1       .08       .03       .15      1.11       .40       .41       .50       .55       .81       .07
    Alaska ................        .5      -.02      -.11       .08      -.03       .39       .12       .21       .06       .12      -.36
    California ............       3.9       .08       .04       .12      1.14       .39       .40       .47       .55       .70       .03
    Hawaii ................       -.3       0         0        -.41      -.13       .24       .08       .17       .02      -.14      -.14
    Nevada ................       7.0       .06       .14      1.06       .38       .65       .47      1.02      1.11      1.63       .46
    Oregon ................       6.8       .17       .01       .32      3.42       .30       .58       .56       .44       .68       .33
    Washington ............       4.7       .04       .01       .11       .44       .48       .46       .63       .66      1.64       .22
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Source:  U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
********************************************************************************************************************************************


                                      Table 4. -- Gross State Product in Current Dollars, 1992-99
                                                      [Millions of dollars]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                             Percentage of U.S.total
                                1992        1993/r/     1994/r/     1995/r/     1996/r/     1997/r/     1998/r/     1999/p/  -----------------------
                                                                                                                                 1992       1999
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States .............   6,209,096   6,513,026   6,930,791   7,309,516   7,715,901   8,224,960   8,752,363   9,308,983      100.0      100.0

  New England .............     357,145     373,298     394,406     416,166     439,596     471,336     504,155     542,347        5.8        5.8
    Connecticut ...........     103,794     107,924     112,395     118,645     124,157     134,968     143,191     151,779        1.7        1.6
    Maine .................      24,397      25,358      26,501      27,987      28,925      30,409      32,138      34,064         .4         .4
    Massachusetts .........     167,334     175,729     188,000     197,469     210,127     223,571     240,898     262,564        2.7        2.8
    New Hampshire .........      26,396      27,507      29,410      32,388      35,068      37,470      41,229      44,229         .4         .5
    Rhode Island ..........      22,656      23,627      24,352      25,703      26,656      29,409      30,468      32,546         .4         .3
    Vermont ...............      12,570      13,154      13,747      13,974      14,662      15,510      16,233      17,164         .2         .2

  Mideast .................   1,234,406   1,282,906   1,341,317   1,403,270   1,471,796   1,547,124   1,642,652   1,734,325       19.9       18.6
    Delaware ..............      23,069      23,827      25,122      27,575      29,001      31,263      33,912      34,669         .4         .4
    District of Columbia ..      44,458      46,596      47,484      48,408      48,505      50,546      52,175      55,832         .7         .6
    Maryland ..............     120,734     126,442     133,952     139,495     145,061     154,646     164,287     174,710        1.9        1.9
    New Jersey ............     235,456     246,727     258,079     271,435     285,738     299,986     316,467     331,544        3.8        3.6
    New York ..............     535,341     551,161     575,585     597,593     633,830     663,377     710,897     754,590        8.6        8.1
    Pennsylvania ..........     275,349     288,154     301,096     318,765     329,660     347,306     364,914     382,980        4.4        4.1

  Great Lakes .............     996,218   1,052,019   1,138,906   1,191,441   1,243,554   1,317,428   1,397,473   1,464,641       16.0       15.7
    Illinois ..............     303,238     317,248     342,322     359,451     375,949     400,327     424,756     445,666        4.9        4.8
    Indiana ...............     123,604     131,485     141,735     148,447     155,096     162,953     176,095     182,202        2.0        2.0
    Michigan ..............     206,666     222,886     246,812     254,179     265,130     279,503     291,557     308,310        3.3        3.3
    Ohio ..................     250,363     260,891     280,850     295,668     306,333     326,451     346,778     361,981        4.0        3.9
    Wisconsin .............     112,347     119,508     127,187     133,694     141,046     148,194     158,286     166,481        1.8        1.8

  Plains ..................     410,814     424,025     459,515     484,013     516,213     547,790     575,947     601,905        6.6        6.5
    Iowa ..................      61,104      62,764      69,169      71,687      76,976      81,695      83,094      85,243        1.0         .9
    Kansas ................      56,338      58,380      62,206      64,069      68,160      72,998      76,796      80,843         .9         .9
    Minnesota .............     111,908     115,420     125,017     131,841     141,540     152,334     162,478     172,982        1.8        1.9
    Missouri ..............     115,993     119,680     129,957     139,547     146,537     155,811     163,949     170,470        1.9        1.8
    Nebraska ..............      37,593      38,665      42,032      44,084      47,772      49,275      51,702      53,744         .6         .6
    North Dakota ..........      12,740      12,855      13,895      14,529      15,855      15,910      17,031      16,991         .2         .2
    South Dakota ..........      15,137      16,261      17,240      18,257      19,372      19,767      20,898      21,631         .2         .2

  Southeast ...............   1,320,694   1,400,329   1,504,102   1,599,405   1,684,304   1,791,586   1,903,691   2,023,742       21.3       21.7
    Alabama ...............      81,115      84,497      89,740      95,514      99,286     104,213     108,950     115,071        1.3        1.2
    Arkansas ..............      44,610      47,188      50,921      53,809      56,796      59,141      61,626      64,773         .7         .7
    Florida ...............     285,518     305,036     325,556     344,771     366,318     389,473     416,422     442,895        4.6        4.8
    Georgia ...............     160,814     172,220     187,645     203,505     219,520     235,733     255,455     275,719        2.6        3.0
    Kentucky ..............      76,726      80,882      86,905      91,472      95,536     101,535     107,571     113,539        1.2        1.2
    Louisiana .............      91,243      95,587     104,055     112,157     116,867     123,549     125,311     128,959        1.5        1.4
    Mississippi ...........      44,222      47,384      51,358      54,562      56,575      58,743      61,417      64,286         .7         .7
    North Carolina ........     159,977     168,830     182,234     194,634     204,329     221,629     236,472     258,592        2.6        2.8
    South Carolina ........      71,934      75,955      81,515      86,880      89,854      95,447     101,214     106,917        1.2        1.1
    Tennessee .............     111,844     119,758     129,671     136,821     142,051     151,738     161,835     170,085        1.8        1.8
    Virginia ..............     161,790     170,754     179,727     188,963     199,953     212,105     227,997     242,221        2.6        2.6
    West Virginia .........      30,901      32,240      34,774      36,315      37,220      38,281      39,423      40,685         .5         .4

  Southwest ...............     598,584     640,277     687,205     730,598     785,031     858,147     910,977     968,362        9.6       10.4
    Arizona ...............      79,000      85,483      95,747     104,586     112,882     122,273     133,509     143,683        1.3        1.5
    New Mexico ............      32,858      37,110      41,772      42,170      44,114      47,829      49,223      51,026         .5         .5
    Oklahoma ..............      62,013      65,035      66,979      69,960      74,855      79,423      83,022      86,382        1.0         .9
    Texas .................     424,713     452,649     482,707     513,882     553,180     608,622     645,223     687,272        6.8        7.4

  Rocky Mountain ..........     170,508     185,006     200,012     214,923     230,695     249,183     267,647     288,479        2.7        3.1
    Colorado ..............      85,844      93,588     101,531     109,021     117,118     129,575     141,056     153,728        1.4        1.7
    Idaho .................      20,354      22,758      24,893      27,155      28,101      29,388      31,236      34,025         .3         .4
    Montana ...............      15,084      16,151      16,952      17,537      18,074      18,907      19,881      20,636         .2         .2
    Utah ..................      35,671      38,395      42,236      46,290      51,523      55,070      58,997      62,641         .6         .7
    Wyoming ...............      13,555      14,114      14,400      14,920      15,879      16,244      16,477      17,448         .2         .2

  Far West ................   1,120,726   1,155,166   1,205,328   1,269,700   1,344,712   1,442,365   1,549,820   1,685,181       18.0       18.1
    Alaska ................      22,372      23,014      23,104      24,791      25,774      26,575      25,008      26,353         .4         .3
    California ............     831,576     847,879     879,041     925,931     973,395   1,045,254   1,125,559   1,229,098       13.4       13.2
    Hawaii ................      35,549      36,308      36,766      37,243      37,490      38,537      39,610      40,914         .6         .4
    Nevada ................      36,480      39,929      45,022      49,377      54,564      59,248      64,260      69,864         .6         .8
    Oregon ................      64,129      69,810      75,087      81,092      91,709      97,510     103,549     109,694        1.0        1.2
    Washington ............     130,620     138,225     146,308     151,265     161,779     175,242     191,834     209,258        2.1        2.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  r  Revised.
  p  Preliminary.
  Note:  Estimates may not add to totals due to rounding.
  Source:  U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
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