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EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 a.m. EDT, Thursday, October 3, 2024

BEA 24–46

Personal Consumption Expenditures by State, 2023

Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) increased in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2023, according to statistics released today by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The percent change ranged from 8.1 percent in Florida to 4.7 percent in Iowa. Nationally, current-dollar PCE increased 6.4 percent in 2023 after increasing 9.8 percent in 2022 (table 1).

Personal Consumption Expenditures by State: Percent Change, 2022-2023

PCE by state highlights

Consumer spending on health care, housing and utilities, and food services and accommodations were the largest contributors to the increase nationally (table 3).

Health care increased 8.6 percent nationally and was the largest contributor to growth in 33 states (table 2).
Housing and utilities increased 7.5 percent nationally and was the largest contributor to growth in 16 states, including Florida and Arizona, the states with the largest increases in PCE.
Food services and accommodations increased 10.4 percent nationally but was not the largest contributor to growth in any state or the District of Columbia.
Gasoline and other energy goods decreased 9.2 percent nationally and was the largest subtraction to growth in 49 states and the District of Columbia, including Iowa, the state with the smallest increase in PCE.

Across all states and the District of Columbia, per capita PCE increased to $56,202 in 2023 from $53,082 in 2022. Per capita PCE by state ranged from a high of $69,101 in Massachusetts to a low of $42,131 in Mississippi. Per capita PCE in the District of Columbia was $92,037 (table 4).

Per Capita Personal Consumption Expenditures by State, 2023

Annual update of PCE by state

Today, BEA also released revised estimates of PCE by state for 2019 through 2022. This update incorporates new and revised source data that are more complete and more detailed than previously available and aligns the states with the annual update of the National Income and Product Accounts released on September 26, 2024, and the state personal income statistics released on September 27, 2024. Our online journal, the Survey of Current Business, will publish an article in November describing the results.

Regional Economic Accounts news releases will no longer include a separate "Release Highlights" document as part of the releases’ "Related Materials." Information previously included in Highlights will continue to be available in the news releases and on BEA's website.

BEA used U.S. Census Bureau population figures to calculate per capita PCE estimates for 2020 through 2023. For earlier estimates, BEA continues to use intercensal population statistics that it developed based on Census Bureau methodology. See “Note on Per Capita Personal Consumption Expenditures and Population.”

Starting on September 26, 2025, BEA will begin to regularly publish quarterly gross domestic product and personal income by state along with annual PCE by state together in a single news release, providing a fuller picture of the economies of all states and the District of Columbia. The combined news release will replace the publication of two separate releases issued on different days.

Next release: September 26, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. EDT
Gross Domestic Product by State and Personal Income by State, 2nd Quarter 2025 and
Personal Consumption Expenditures by State, 2024

Full Release & Tables (PDF)

Tables Only (Excel)

Interactive Tables

Technical

Steven Zemanek

301-278-9578

PCEbyState@bea.gov

Media

Connie O'Connell

301-278-9003

Connie.OConnell@bea.gov

Resources

Stay informed about BEA developments by reading The BEA Wire, signing up for BEA's email subscription service, or following @BEA_News on X.
Historical time series for these estimates can be accessed in BEA's Interactive Data Application.
Access BEA data by registering for BEA's Data Application Programming Interface.
For more on BEA's statistics, see our online journal, the Survey of Current Business.
For upcoming economic indicators, see BEA's news release schedule.

Definitions

Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) by state is the state counterpart of the nation's PCE. PCE by state measures the goods and services purchased by or on behalf of households and the net expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households by state of residence for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. PCE by state reflects spending on activities that are attributable to the residents of a state, even when these activities take place outside of the state.

Per capita PCE by state measures average PCE spending per person in a state, and it is calculated as PCE in a state divided by the population of the state.

Current-dollar PCE by state statistics are unadjusted for price changes and reflect variation in both prices and quantities.

Statistical conventions

Year-to-year percent changes are calculated from unrounded data.

BEA regions

BEA groups all 50 states and the District of Columbia into eight distinct regions for purposes of presentation and analysis as follows:
New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont)
Mideast (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania)
Great Lakes (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin)
Plains (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota)
Southeast (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia)
Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas)
Rocky Mountain (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming)
Far West (Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington)

Relationship of PCE by state to national PCE

U.S. PCE by state differs slightly from PCE in the national accounts because PCE by state excludes the net expenditures abroad by U.S. residents, which consist of government and private employees’ expenditures abroad less personal remittances in kind to nonresidents. PCE by state, however, does include the travel expenditures abroad by U.S. residents.