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EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 a.m. ET, Friday, August 19, 2022

BEA 22-39

Activities of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Multinational Enterprises, 2020

Majority-owned U.S. affiliates (MOUSAs) of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) employed 7.86 million workers in the United States in 2020, a 2.8 percent decrease from 8.08 million workers in 2019, according to statistics on MOUSA operations and finances released today by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).

MOUSAs accounted for 6.4 percent of total private-industry employment in the United States in 2020, up from 6.1 percent in 2019, as total private-industry employment fell more than MOUSA employment. By industry, employment by MOUSAs was largest in manufacturing and in retail trade. MOUSAs with ultimate owners in the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany were the largest contributors to total MOUSA employment. (See the section "Additional Information" for definitions of MOUSAs and other terminology used in this release.)

Chart: Employment by Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates, 2020

Current-dollar value added of MOUSAs, a measure of their direct contribution to U.S. gross domestic product, decreased 7.0 percent to $1.1 trillion in 2020. MOUSAs accounted for 6.8 percent of total U.S. business-sector value added, down from 7.0 percent in 2019.

Expenditures for property, plant, and equipment by MOUSAs decreased 4.7 percent to $281.8 billion. MOUSAs accounted for 17.6 percent of total U.S. private business capital expenditures. Research and development (R&D) performed by MOUSAs increased 3.0 percent to $71.4 billion. MOUSAs accounted for 14.1 percent of total U.S. business R&D in 2019, the latest year for which all-U.S. business R&D data are available.

Map: MOUSA Share of Private Industry Employment by State, 2020

By state, private-industry employment accounted for by MOUSAs was highest in South Carolina (9.4 percent), Hawaii (9.4 percent), and Michigan (9.1 percent). In South Carolina and Michigan, MOUSAs in the manufacturing sector employed the most workers, while "other industries," primarily accommodation and food services, employed the most MOUSA workers in Hawaii.

Additional statistics on the activities of U.S. affiliates of foreign multinationals including sales, balance sheet and income statement items, compensation of employees, trade, and more are available on BEA's website. More industry-, country-, and state-level detail are available on the website and will be highlighted in the September Survey of Current Business.

Coronavirus (COVID–19) Impact on the 2020 Activities of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign MNEs

Most of the key indicators included in the activities of U.S affiliates of foreign MNE statistics decreased in 2020 resulting, in part, from the impact of COVID–19. The full economic effects of the COVID–19 pandemic cannot be quantified in the statistics, because the impacts are generally embedded in source data and cannot be separately identified.

Updates to the statistics

Statistics for 2019 are revised to incorporate newly available and revised source data. Preliminary statistics for 2019 were released in August 2021 and highlighted in "Activities of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Multinational Enterprises in 2019" in the September 2021 Survey.

Table A. Updates to Statistics on 2019 Activities of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Multinational Enterprises [Billions of dollars, except as noted]
	Preliminary estimate	Revised estimate
Number of employees (thousands)	7,947.0	8,083.0
Value added	1,133.2	1,137.8
Expenditures for property, plant, and equipment	284.6	295.7
Research and development expenditures	71.4	69.4

Next release: August 2023
Activities of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Multinational Enterprises, 2021

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Technical

Kirsten Brew

(301) 278-9152

Kirsten.Brew@bea.gov

Media

Thomas Dail

301-278-9003

Thomas.Dail@bea.gov

Resources

Stay informed about BEA developments by reading The BEA Wire, signing up for BEA's email subscription service, or following BEA on Twitter @BEA_News.
Historical time series for these estimates can be accessed in BEA's Interactive Data Application.
Access BEA data by registering for BEA's Data Application Programming Interface.
For upcoming economic indicators, see BEA's news release schedule.
More information on the activities of U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs will be provided in the September Survey of Current Business.
More statistics on the activities of U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs, including more detail by industry and country, are available on the BEA website.
More information on the statistics on activities of U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs is provided in U.S. International Economic Accounts: Concepts and Methods.
BEA also publishes a companion series on the activities of U.S. MNEs. Data for 2020 will be released November 18, 2022.

Definitions

A U.S. affiliate is a U.S. business enterprise in which there is foreign direct investment—that is, in which a foreign parent owns 10 percent or more of the U.S. business enterprise.

A majority-owned U.S. affiliate (MOUSA) is a U.S. affiliate in which the combined ownership of all foreign parents, either directly or indirectly, exceeds 50 percent.

A foreign parent is the first person (in the broad legal sense to include any individual, partnership, corporation, or other form of organization), resident outside the United States, that has a direct investment interest in the affiliate.

The ultimate owner, also referred to as ultimate beneficial owner (UBO), is that person, proceeding up a chain of majority ownership (where the entity above owns more than 50 percent of the entity below), beginning with and including the foreign parent, that is not owned more than 50 percent by another person. Unlike the foreign parent, the UBO of an affiliate may be located in the United States.

Employment covers the total number of full-time and part-time employees on the payroll at the end of the year.

Value added is the value of the final goods and services produced by a firm's labor and property. Value added represents the firm's contribution to gross domestic product. The estimates of value added in this release were prepared by summing cost and profit data collected in BEA's surveys of foreign direct investment in the United States and are conceptually consistent with BEA's estimates of U.S. value added by industry.

Expenditures for property, plant, and equipment cover total expenditures for land and depreciable structures and equipment; they are gross of any sales, retirements, or transfers of previously owned tangible assets.

Research and development (R&D) performed includes expenditures for R&D performed by the U.S. affiliate, whether the R&D was for their own use or for use by others, irrespective of the source of funding.

Statistical conventions

The statistics on the activities of U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs are based primarily on data reported in the Annual and Benchmark Surveys of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States conducted by BEA. The statistics provide information on the operations and finances of U.S affiliates and cover the entire operations of the affiliate, irrespective of the percentage of foreign ownership.

MOUSA shares of domestic activity are provided in this news release for employment, value added, R&D performed, and expenditures for property, plant, and equipment. These shares are computed by dividing MOUSA activity levels by measures of domestic activity from other data sets that are approximately comparable to the MOUSA measures. MOUSA measures include activities in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories, while these activities are excluded in the corresponding domestic measures. For the employment share presented in this news release, MOUSA data on employment in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories are excluded to improve comparability. The domestic totals used to compute shares are detailed below:

Employment statistics for all U.S. private industries come from line 3 (private industries) of National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) table 6.4D "Full-Time and Part-Time Employees by Industry." Statistics for state-level shares come from BEA's Regional Economic Accounts in "private nonfarm wage and salary employment" minus "private households" from the table "Full-Time and Part-Time Wage and Salary Employment by Industry" (SAEMP27).
Statistics on value added for all U.S. businesses come from line 2 ("business-sector value added") of NIPA table 1.3.5 "Gross Value Added by Sector."
Statistics on business R&D performed in the United States come from the National Science Foundation.
Statistics on U.S. private business capital expenditures come from the U.S. Census Bureau Annual Capital Expenditures Survey.

Related statistics

Statistics on the activities of U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs are one part of a broader set of U.S. International Economic Accounts that, taken together, provide a comprehensive, integrated, and detailed picture of U.S. international economic activities.

Statistics on direct investment and multinational enterprises include annual statistics on the activities of U.S. MNEs, detailed annual and quarterly statistics on direct investment, and annual statistics on new foreign direct investment in the United States.

Statistics on international services, released annually, include detailed annual information on trade in services and on services supplied through the channel of direct investment by affiliates of MNEs.

The International Investment Position (IIP) Accounts are released quarterly. The IIP is a statistical balance sheet that presents the dollar value of U.S. financial assets and liabilities with respect to foreign residents at a specific point in time.

The International Transactions Accounts (ITAs) are released quarterly. The ITAs are a statistical summary of economic activity between U.S. residents and the residents of other countries.

U.S. international trade in goods and services, released by BEA and the U.S. Census Bureau, provides monthly statistics on trade in goods and services.