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EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 10:00 A.M. EST, Thursday, December 23, 2021

BEA 21–69

Gross Domestic Product by State, 3rd Quarter 2021

Hawaii had the largest increase in the third quarter

Real gross domestic product (GDP) increased in 36 states and the District of Columbia in the third quarter of 2021, as real GDP for the nation increased at an annual rate of 2.3 percent, according to statistics released today by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The percent change in real GDP in the third quarter ranged from 6.0 percent in Hawaii to –3.7 percent in New Hampshire (table 1).

Real GDP: Percent Change at Annual Rate, 2021:Q2-2021:Q3

Real GDP increased in 13 of the 21 industry groups for which BEA prepares quarterly state estimates (table 2). Professional, scientific, and technical services; finance and insurance; and government and government enterprises were the leading contributors to the increase in real GDP nationally.

Other highlights

Professional, scientific, and technical services increased 12.3 percent nationally and contributed to the increases in 49 states and the District of Columbia. This industry was the leading contributor to the increase in 16 states.
Finance and insurance increased 7.8 percent nationally and contributed to the increases in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. This industry was the leading contributor to the increase in 13 states.
Government and government enterprises increased 5.1 percent nationally and contributed to the increases in 47 states and the District of Columbia, primarily due to increases in state and local government.
Accommodation and food services was the leading contributor to the increase in Hawaii, the state with the largest increase.
Government and government enterprises, primarily military, was the leading contributor to the decrease in New Hampshire, the state with the largest decrease.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on Third-Quarter 2021 GDP by State Estimates

The 2021 third-quarter estimates of GDP by state reflect the continued economic impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A resurgence of COVID-19 cases resulted in new restrictions and delays in the reopening of establishments in some parts of the country. Government pandemic assistance payments to households and business decreased. The full economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be quantified in the GDP by state estimates, because the impacts are generally embedded in source data and cannot be separately identified. For more information, see Federal Recovery Programs and BEA Statistics.

Next release: March 31, 2022, at 10:00 a.m. EDT
Gross Domestic Product by State, 4th Quarter 2021 and Year 2021 (Preliminary)

Full Release & Tables (PDF)

Release Highlights (PDF)

Release Tables Only (Excel)

Technical Note (PDF)

Interactive Tables

Todd Siebeneck

(301) 278-9705

GDPbyState@bea.gov

Clifford Woodruff

301-278-9234

GDPbyState@bea.gov

News Media

Jeannine Aversa

(301) 278-9003

Jeannine.Aversa@bea.gov

Resources

Information on COVID-19 and recovery impacts is available on our website.
Stay informed about BEA developments by reading The BEA Wire, signing up for BEA's email subscription service, or following BEA on Twitter @BEA_News.
Historical time series for these estimates can be accessed in BEA's Interactive Data Application.
Access BEA data by registering for BEA's Data Application Programming Interface.
For more on BEA's statistics, see our monthly online journal, the Survey of Current Business.
For upcoming economic indicators, see BEA's news release schedule.
BEA Regional Facts (BEARFACTS) is a narrative summary of personal income, per capita personal income, components of income, and gross domestic product for counties, metropolitan statistical areas, and states.
Complete information on the sources and methods for the estimation of BEA's Gross Domestic Product by State.

Definitions

Gross domestic product (GDP) by state is the market value of goods and services produced by the labor and property located in a state. GDP by state is the state counterpart of the nation's GDP, the Bureau's featured and most comprehensive measure of U.S. economic activity.

Current-dollar statistics are valued in the prices of the period when the transactions occurred—that is, at "market value." Also referred to as "nominal GDP" or "current-price GDP."

Real values are inflation-adjusted statistics—that is, these exclude the effects of price changes.

Contributions to growth are an industry's contribution to the state's overall percent change in real GDP. The contributions are additive and can be summed to the state's overall percent change.

Statistical conventions

Seasonal adjustment and annual rates. Quarterly values are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual rates. For details, see the FAQ "Why does BEA publish estimates at annual rates?" on the BEA website.

Quantities and prices. Quantities, or "real" measures, are expressed as index numbers with a specified reference year equal to 100 (currently 2012). Quantity indexes are calculated using a Fisher chained weighted formula that incorporates weights from two adjacent periods (quarters for quarterly data and annuals for annual data). "Real" dollar series are calculated by multiplying the quantity index by the current dollar value in the reference year and then dividing by 100. Percent changes calculated from chained-dollar levels and quantity indexes are conceptually the same; any differences are due to rounding.

Chained-dollar values are not additive, because the relative weights for a given period differ from those of the reference year.

Chained-dollar values of GDP by state are derived by applying national chain-type price indexes to the current dollar values of GDP by state for the 21 North American Industry Classification System-based industry sectors. The chain-type index formula that is used in the national accounts is then used to calculate the values of total real GDP by state and real GDP by state at more aggregated industry levels. Real GDP by state may reflect a substantial volume of output that is sold to other states and countries. To the extent that a state's output is produced and sold in national markets at relatively uniform prices (or sold locally at national prices), real GDP by state captures the differences across states that reflect the relative differences in the mix of goods and services that the states produce. However, real GDP by state does not capture geographic differences in the prices of goods and services that are produced and sold locally.

BEA regions

BEA groups all 50 states and the District of Columbia into 8 distinct regions for purposes of presentation and analysis as follows:

New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont)
Mideast (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania)
Great Lakes (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin)
Plains (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota)
Southeast (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia)
Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas)
Rocky Mountain (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming)
Far West (Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington)

Uses of GDP by state statistics

GDP by state statistics provide a framework for analyzing current economic conditions in each state and can serve as a basis for decisionmaking. For example:

Federal government agencies use the statistics in forecasting models to project energy and water use.
State governments use the statistics to project tax revenues and the need for public services.
Academic regional economists use the statistics for applied research.
Businesses, trade associations, and labor organizations use the statistics for market research.

List of News Release Tables

Table 1. Percent Change from Preceding Period in Real Gross Domestic Product, by State and Region, 2020:Q1–2021:Q3

Table 2. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), by State and Region, 2021:Q2–2021:Q3

Table 3. Current-Dollar Gross Domestic Product, by State and Region, 2020:Q1–2021:Q3